Unit 3 The Internet

Discovering Useful Structure

【教学目标】

1. Guide students to review the basic usages of the Present Perfect Passive Voice.

2. Lead students to learn to use some special cases concerning the Present Perfect Passive Voice flexibly.

2. Enable students to use the basic phrases structures flexibly.

3. Strengthen students’ great interest in grammar learning.

【教学重难点】

1. Help students to appreciate the function of the Present Perfect Passive Voice in a sentence.

2. Instruct students to write essays using the proper the Present Perfect Passive Voice.

【教学过程】

Step 1: Reviewing

引导学生观察下列句子特点，总结共同点。

1．(教材P28) Much has been written about the wonders of the World Wide Web．

2．(教材P28) But the Internet has done much more for people than simply make life more convenient．

3．(教材P28) Many people have been helped by the club．

4．(教材P28) She no longer feels lonely, and her company has become quite successful．

5．(教材P32) Today I thought I’d blog about a question that has been asked many times—how do you stay safe online and avoid bad experiences on the Internet?

Step 2: Presentation

一、常与现在完成时连用的时间状语有：

already 已经                                  yet 已经

recently/lately 最近                       since then 从那时起

ever since 自那以来                     ever        曾经

so far    迄今为止                          by now  到现在为止

for a long time  很长一段时间

in recent years  在最近几年里

in/during/over the past/last years   在过去的几年里

二、现在完成时态的意义。

1．现在完成时的被动语态强调一个发生在过去的被动性的动作，动作已完成并强调对现在造成的影响或结果，主语和谓语之间为被动关系。

The door has already been locked.

门早已经被锁上了。

I have been employed at the job since 2015.

自从2015年，我就做这份工作。

2．基本构成

现在完成时的被动语态的结构为has/have been done。

A lot of money has been spent to protect the old temple by now.

到目前为止已投入了大笔钱来保护这座古庙。

These trees have been watered lately.

那些树最近已浇水。

2)带有双宾语的动词，如give, send, bring, take, teach, show, tell, make, sing, write, read, sell, buy, pay, lend, pass, promise等，变为被动语态时，一般将间接宾语变为被动语态的主语，若将直接宾语变为被动语态的主语时，间接宾语前面要用相应的介词。

We have given him the book.

→He has been given the book.

→The book has been given to him.

现在完成时的被动语态的用法

1．现在完成时的被动语态同它的主动语态一样，强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，通常与already, yet, just, never, recently等副词连用。

◆The machine has already been repaired．

机器已经修好了。

2．表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去，持续到现在，并可能持续下去，常与for或since引导的时间状语连用，或用于“How long…？”句型中。

◆Financial problems of the company have been discussed for nearly two hours．

公司的财务问题已被讨论了近两个小时了。

3．用在时间或条件状语从句中，表示将来某时已完成的动作，即用现在完成时的被动语态代替将来完成时的被动语态。

◆You shouldn’t leave school before your homework has been finished．

在你的作业没完成之前你不应该离开学校。

使用现在完成时的被动语态要注意的问题

1．现在完成时的被动语态、现在进行时的被动语态及一般过去时的被动语态的区别

The machine has been repaired. (说明动作发生在过去，对现在有影响，“现在修好了”)

The machine is being repaired now. (说明动作正在进行)

The machine was repaired yesterday. (只说明动作发生在 过去)

2．非延续性动词，如borrow, finish, begin, start, buy, marry, open, join等构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。若要表达相应的意思，则要改换动词或时态，例如：

工程已开始三个月了。

The project has been started for three months. (F)

The project has been on for three months. (T)

3.带有复合宾语的动词变为被动语态时，若宾语补足语为省略to的不定式充当时，在被动语态中需将省掉的to加上。

The boss has made his company offer more chances for people to work.

→His company has been made to offer more chances for people to work.

(4)动词短语是一个不可分割的整体，在被动语态中要保持其完整性，其中的介词或副词不可省略。

It's said that the problem has been looked into.

据说已经调查了这个问题。

总结：现在完成时的被动语态的结构

肯定式	主语＋have/has been   done…
否定式	主语＋have/has not   been done…
一般疑问式	Have/Has＋主语＋been   done…？
特殊疑问式	疑问词＋have/has＋主语＋been   done…？

Step 3 Drill

时态填空。

1.He _______________________ (select) to take part in the sports meeting．

2.The ink___________________________________ (remove) from his overcoat．

3. Has the date for the next meeting____________________________ (decide)?

4. How long has the battery________________________________ (change)?

句型转换：

The children have already been told the good news．

1.上面的句子变为否定句。

________________________________________________________

2.将上面的句子变为一般疑问句。

________________________________________________________

3.对上面句子中的The children进行提问。

_______________________________________________________

Step 4 Homework:

完成课后练习。