Unit 2 Morals and Virtues
Discovering Useful Structures

 

【教学目标】

1. Learn the structure, form and features of v-ing as object complement and adverb.

2. Learn understand the functions and meaning of v-ing as object complement and adverb

in a real context.

3. Learn to describe someone’s behaviors and its causes, purposes, results and accompaniment.

【教学重难点】

1. Learn to understand the functions and meaning of v-ing as object complement and adverb in a real context.

2. Learn to describe someone’s behaviors and its causes, purposes, results and accompaniment.

【教学过程】

Step 1 Lead in—Pair work

Observe the sentences below and discuss the function of the italicised -ing form.

1. ...her brother complained, thinking of the high tuition fees.（作状语，表原因）

2. Thinking of all the people still in need of help, Dr Lin opened a private clinic.（作状语，表原因）

3. The new People’s Republic of China saw Dr Lin Qiaozhi playing a key role.（作宾补see sb. doing sth.）

作宾补：动词-ing形式置于某些及物动词和宾语之后，补充说明宾语的动作或状态。

作状语：动词-ing形式可以作状语，修饰动词，表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式或伴随情况等。

Step 2 Practice

1. A Mexican farmer was surprised to see smoke ________ (rise) from a small part of his land.

2. I felt my heart __________ (beat) violently when I was seeing the 70th anniversary of foundation of China.

3. They see a man _______ (come), _______ (hold) a bird cage.

4. The man may find the bird really ________ (annoy), who usually makes a noise.

Step 3 More about v-ing as the object complement

1.在感官动词后作宾语补足语

在see，hear，feel，watch，notice等感官动词后，表示一个正在进行的主动的动作，强调一个过程或一种状态。

In the crowded cafe, I heard a friendly voice saying, “You can share my table.”

He saw a girl wandering on the street this time yesterday.

注意：see/ hear /watch/ feel/ notice+sb./ sth.+doing sth.强调动作正在进行；
see/ hear/ watch/ feel/ notice+sb./ sth.+do sth.强调动作发生的全过程/全过程

已经结束了。

Today on my way home, I saw a man running along the street hurriedly.

I saw him enter the room and take something away.

2.在使役动词宾补结构中的使用使役动词接现在分词作宾语补足语，表示“让……一直做某事”

It’s cold. We should have the fire burning all the time.

I won’t have you running about in the room.

注意：

1) have/ get+sb./ sth.+done包括两层意思：

①让别人去做某事。②（主语）遭受到（意外的损失或不幸）。

have +宾语+do sth. 意思是“让某人去干某事”。

翻译：

1. Mother has me go to the shop to buy some fruit. 妈妈让我去商店买些水果。

2. He had/ got his computer stolen the other day. 前天，他的电脑被偷了。

3. He will have/ get the computer repaired tomorrow. 他明天会去修电脑。

2) leave/ keep +sb./ sth. done sth.（使……处于/保持某种状态）

Many teachers keep parents informed of children’s performance in the kindergarten by sharing videos on WeChat.

3. 现在分词在with复合结构中的使用

在with复合结构中，现在分词充当宾语补足语，表动作“正在进行”。

Does Kilimanjaro deserve its reputation as a crowded mountain with lines of tourists ruining the atmosphere of peace?

注意：在with的复合结构中, 也可以使用不定式和过去分词作宾语补足语。

All the afternoon he worked with the door locked（表被动）.

I can’t go out with all these clothes to wash（表将来）.

Step 4 Practice

1. China’s image is improving steadily, with more countries __________ (recognize) its role in international affairs.

2. Don’t leave the water _______ (run) while you brush your teeth.

3. Mr Smith suggested a good way to have her written English _________ (improve) in a short period.

4. Mother has the little girl ________ (play) the piano this afternoon.

5. I noticed a thief___________ (steal) money from the old woman’s pocket yesterday

6. Can you hear her ________ (sing) the song in the next room?

Answers: 1. recognizing   2. running   3. improved   4. play

5. steal         6.singing

Step 5 More about v-ing as the adverbial

-ing形式作时间、原因、条件、让步状语时多位于句首；作结果、伴随情况状语时常位于句末。

1.表示时间。

Hearing these stories, I’m skeptical about the place.

= When I heard these stories…

2.表示原因。

Not knowing his address, I can’t send this book to him.

= Because/Since/As I don’t know his address…

3. 表示结果。

His father died, leaving him a lot of money.

=…, and left him a lot of money

4.表示条件。

Going straight down the road, you will find the department store.

= If you go straight down the road…

5.表示让步。

Being tired, they went on working.

=Although they were tired…

6.表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明。

He lay on the grass, staring at the sky for a long time.

=…, and stared at the sky for a long time.

注意：非谓语动词作状语时，如所提供的动词不能和句子中的主语保持一致，动词-ing形式必须有自己的逻辑主语，通常由名词或代词来担任，这就是独立主格结构。

The last bus having gone, we had to walk home.

（having gone的逻辑主语是the last bus，而不是we）

Weather permitting, the football match will be played on Friday.

（permitting的逻辑主语是weather，而不是the football match）

Step 7 Practice

1. ________ (study) hard, you are sure to get first prize.

2. People use plastic in their daily life, _______ (leave) large amounts of waste.

3. ________ (work) hard at your lessons, you are to succeed.

4. The old man, ____________ (work) abroad for twenty years, is on the way back to his motherland.

5. ______________ (finish) his homework, he was playing on the playground.

Step 8 Homework

Review the functions and meaning of v-ing as object complement and adverb in a real context.