Unit 3 Diverse Cultures
Discovering Useful Structures
【教学目标】
1. Learn the definition, structures, functions and features of ellipsis.
2. Learn to summarize some common ellipsis.
3. Learn to use ellipsis in oral and writing English.
【教学重难点】
1. Learn the definition, structures, functions and features of ellipsis.
2. Learn to use ellipsis in oral and writing English.
【教学过程】
Step 1 Definition of Ellipsis
Read the following sentences and find the words that have been omitted to avoid repetition.
1. A: Oh, I just love nachos! Mexican corn chips covered in cheese!
B: Me, too.
A: Oh, I just love nachos! They are Mexican corn chips covered in cheese!（省略主语和谓语）
B: Me (I love nachos), too.（省略主语、谓语和宾语）
2. A: So it’s the food of many different cultures, all in one dish?
B: Exactly.
A: So it’s the food of many different cultures, and they are all in one dish?（省略主语和谓语）
B: Exactly, it’s the food of many different cultures, and they are all in one dish.（省略句子）
3. A real mix of cultures here!
There is a real mix of cultures here!（省略主语和谓语）
4. Can’t wait!
I can’t wait to go there!（省略主语）（省略宾语）
Summary：省略（Ellipsis）就是为了使语言简洁或避免重复，省略句子中的一个或几个句子成分。可分为句子成分的省略和词的省略。
Step 2 Functions of Ellipsis
Rewrite the sentences by taking out the unnecessary parts.
1. You mean you are planning a trip across the Atlantic for a holiday? It sounds like a good idea.
2. He tried to solve his financial problems, but he couldn’t solve the problems.
3. If it is necessary, I’ll finish my report on American poetry as soon as it is possible.
4. Are you going to dress like that? Wearing a dress might be better than wearing jeans and boots.
5. Some wild mushrooms are poisonous and some are not poisonous.
6. I really like that paper folding book, and my son likes that paper folding book, too.
Answers:
1. You mean you are planning a trip across the Atlantic for a holiday? (It sounds like a) good idea.（简单句）
2. He tried to solve his financial problems, but (he) couldn’t (solve the problems).（并列句）
3. If (it is) necessary, I’ll finish my report on American poetry as soon as (it is) possible.（复合句）
4. Are you going to dress like that? (Wearing) a dress might be better than wearing jeans and boots.（复合句）
5. Some wild mushrooms are poisonous and some are not (poisonous).（并列句）
6. I really like that paper folding book, and my son (likes that paper folding book), too.（并列句）
Step 3 Summary:
简单句中省略的用法：
1.在对话、交际中回答他人的问题时，根据问题的类型和性质，只作简短的回答。
2.在对话、交际中谈论事物时，接着人家的话，发表自己的观点、看法，常省略相同的部分。
3.在对话、交际中表达心里感受时，主语、系动词常被省略。
4.在祈使句中的主语常被省略。
5.在感叹句中为了表达出强烈的感情，常省略主语、系动词或谓语动词等。
E.g.
1. —Who is talking with our teacher?
—Our headmaster.
2. —Maths is very difficult.
—But very important and useful.
3. —What do you think about this film?
—Very disappointing.
4. Go and open the window.
5. What a good girl!
并列句中省略的用法：
在并列句中，如果所连接的两个句子具有相同的句子成分，在不影响句意表达的情况下，通常可以省略后一成分中的相同的词语或结构。
1. Wise men have their mouth in their heart, and fools their heart in their mouth.（and fools后省略了have）
2. She is not an emotional type and so cannot bring herself to tell him I love him.（and fools后省略了she）
复合句中省略的用法：
1.主句中的省略常见于句首或回答问题时，只用从句。
—Why didn’t you come to class yesterday?
— (I didn’t come to class yesterday) Because I was ill.
2.宾语从句中的省略：在宾语从句中常省略连词that，但当及物动词之后跟两个或两个以上的宾语从句时，只有第一个连词that可以省略。
I know (that) she is a teacher and that she is an excellent writer.
3.状语从句中的省略：当状语从句中的主语和主句的主语一致或从句主语是it，并且从句谓语中有be动词时，常可以省略从句中的主语和be动词。此类状语从句中的省略有如下情况：
（1）在as, before, till, until, when, while等引导的时间状语从句中。
While (I was) walking along the street, I heard my name called.
（2）在though, although等引导的让步状语从句中。
Though (they were) tired, they went on working.
（3）在if，unless等引导的条件状语从句中。
You shouldn’t come to his party unless (you are) invited.
（4）在as，as if，as though等引导的方式状语从句中。He did as (he was) told.
（5）在虚拟语气中，常省掉if，从句使用倒装句式。
Were I you (=If I were you), I should give that guy a good lesson.
4.定语从句中的省略
（1）一般说来，在限制性定语从句中，作宾语的关系代词that，which，who，whom可以省略；而在非限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词不可以省略。
The man (whom) you saw yesterday fell ill.
The man, whom you saw yesterday, fell ill.
（2）当先行词是way，且引导词在定语从句中作方式状语时，引导词可用in which或that，也可以省略。
The way (in which/ that) these comrades treat problems is wrong.
固定短语中的省略：not at all, what about, why not, if only, what if...
Step 4 Practice
Read the conversation. Find out which words have been left out.
Justin: Linlin, I’m going to Guizhou Province next month. I’m super excited! Any recommendations for places to visit?
Linlin: Wow, cool! Guizhou is a province with a lot of cultural diversity. Places to visit...well, definitely the Huangguoshu Waterfall first.
Justin: What’s special about the waterfall?
Linlin: Well, have you ever heard of the Chinese novel Journey to the West?
Justin: Yes, I have. Why?
Linlin: In the back of the waterfall, you will find a cave, which is the home of the Monkey King.
Justin: Really? Cool! I’ll definitely check it out.
Linlin: And I strongly recommend the ethnic minority villages. You’ll find Chinese culture is much more diverse than you thought.
Justin: Sounds great, thanks.
Answers:
Justin: Linlin, I’m going to Guizhou Province next month. I’m super excited! Do you have any recommendations for places to visit?
Linlin: Wow, that’s cool! Guizhou is a province with a lot of cultural diversity. What are some places to visit in Guizhou? Well, definitely the Huangguoshu Waterfall is the first place to visit in Guizhou Province.
Justin: What’s special about the waterfall?
Linlin: Well, have you ever heard of the Chinese novel Journey to the West?
Justin: Yes, I have heard of the Chinese novel Journey to the West. Why do you ask if I have heard of the Chinese novel Journey to the West?
Linlin: In the back of the waterfall, you will find a cave, which is the home of the Monkey King from Journey to the West.
Justin: That’s really true? It’s Cool! I’ll definitely check it out.
Linlin: And I strongly recommend the ethnic minority villages on your trip to Guizhou Province. You’ll find Chinese culture is much more diverse than you thought it was.
Justin: This all sounds great, thanks.
